Overdose awareness education focuses on recognizing the signs of an overdose, knowing how to respond with naloxone (Narcan®), and understanding prevention strategies to save lives.
Recognizing an Overdose
Overdoses, particularly those involving opioids like fentanyl, can happen quickly. Common signs include:
- Unconsciousness or inability to wake up.
- Slow, shallow, or stopped breathing, which may be accompanied by choking, gurgling, or snoring sounds.
- Discolored skin (lips and fingernails may be blue, gray, or purple), which can appear pale or ashen on darker skinned people.
- Pinpoint pupils that do not react to light.
How to Respond to an Overdose (3 Steps)
If you suspect an overdose, immediate action is crucial. It is better to treat the situation like an overdose, even if you are unsure, as administering naloxone cannot harm someone who has not taken opioids.
- Check for response: Try to wake the person by shouting their name and shaking them firmly or rubbing your knuckles hard on their breastbone.
- Call 911: Tell the operator that someone is unresponsive and not breathing, and provide your exact location. Most states have Good Samaritan Laws that provide some legal protection for those who seek help in an overdose situation.
- Administer Naloxone (Narcan®) and support breathing:
Give one dose of naloxone as directed.
Perform rescue breaths or CPR if trained, as oxygen is vital. Follow instructions from the 911 operator.
If the person does not respond or start breathing normally after 2-3 minutes, administer a second dose of naloxone.
Once the person is breathing on their own, roll them onto their side into the recovery position to prevent choking.
Stay with them until emergency responders arrive.
Prevention and Awareness
- Carry Naloxone: Anyone can get naloxone (often over-the-counter at pharmacies or from local health programs) and learn how to use it.
- Reduce Stigma: Use compassionate language when talking about substance use and recovery to encourage people to seek help.
- Never Use Alone: Avoid using drugs alone, or call the Never Use Alone hotline at (800) 484-3731 to have an operator stand by.
- Safe Medication Practices: Only take medications prescribed to you by a licensed pharmacist, store them securely, and dispose of unused medication properly.
- Seek Help: If you or a loved one needs help with substance use, confidential resources are available through many resources. Please review our links page for more information.